6 Butterflies You Can Find in the Winter

Essay on Schools and Finances - 1155 Words

Regardless of the school, public or private, finances play a major role in its survival. While school districts and schools struggle to survive amid the ongoing and strenuous standards for success, provisions must still be made to ensure that these entities are financially sound (Hall, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ramifications of school finance litigation and practice in the state of Florida. In addition, this paper will be used to research the historical evolution of educational finance and explain the most significant paradigm shifts that have taken place in Florida. Finally, this paper will be designed to evaluate the ways current financial decisions resulting from recent litigation have shaped the educational†¦show more content†¦To comply with these legal challenges, the Florida legislature replaced the MFP (Minimum Foundation Program) with the FEFP (Florida Education Finance Program). The FEFP would be used to fund districts based on the number of full-time students were in the district. In addition the FEFP allocated funds so that poorer districts would be able to receive more funds per student (Herrington Weider, 2001, p. 521). In 1979, FEFP was challenged by the Gindl Department of Education, Escambia, Florida. The school district challenged the discretionary millage provision which may lead to funding shortfalls in property poor districts and funding increases in property rich districts. Additionally, in 1993, Kay Glasser and others sued Florida’s Department of Education over the discretionary millage provision. Glasser contended that the millage limit as set by FEFP for school purposes was unconstitutional, however, the Florida courts upheld FEFP but declined to establish a clear uniform system for public schools (Herrington Weider, 2001). Odden and Piccus (2008) posited that regardless of the push for adequacy in education, the need for equity is still crucial to any school’s financial plan. Hence, su ch cases further suggest that the equity predicament across states and school districts is not one that will be easily solved (Brimley Garfield, 2008). As early as 1995, plaintiffs had begun filing suchShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of School Finance1213 Words   |  5 PagesSchool finance has been a contentious issue around the country due to the amount of money that is required to provide a public education to all children. Exacerbating the issue is the fact that there is no uniformity across each state because the federal government does not have any clause within the U.S. Constitution that requires a funding of public education. Providing education is simply relegated to each state under the 10th amendment (Russo, 2016). Ohio State Constitution Article VI: â€Å"The GeneralRead More Equality in School Finance Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pages Equality in School Finance In The Story of the Education Dollar, Odden, Monk, Nakib and Picus describe some basic facts about education spending in the United States to facilitate an understanding of the level and uses of the federal governments policies on education funding. The purpose of the authors discussion is to argue that public education facilities need to change their focus on the consumption of educational resources to a focus on producing high levels of student achievement. They contendRead MoreHigh School Finance Teacher1331 Words   |  6 PagesAccrual vs. Cash Basis Accounting Alicia Wiley Grantham University Abstract In this paper I have defined accrual and cash basis accounting. Also, I have answered the following questions: Explain the difference between the accrual basis of accounting and the cash basis of accounting. What are the major reasons for using accrual accounting? What are the purpose of a journal and a ledger? Give an example of a contra-asset, and explain how it is recorded on the ledger as a transaction. ExplainRead MoreHow Student Finances At Your School Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesStreamline Student Finances at Your School This article will explain how school administrators can use one system to manage students financial aid data. The admissions office, registrar and accounting department can have access to the same data simultaneously. A school’s accounting procedures and financial management systems can have a significant impact on the effectiveness and accountability for all funds received by the U.S. Department of Education as well as the ability of school staff to serveRead MorePolicies Regarding School Finance Litigation1884 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Policies regarding school finance litigation and all aspects of it were widely debated throughout the years. Everything was most widely considered according to the concepts of adequacy and equity. West and Peterson (2007), has described adequacy in terms of the educational clause of the state constitution in relation to outside criteria and is defined as a concept rather than an isolated word that could be described by itself. Costrell (2007), differentiates equity from adequacy in thatRead MoreThe Ministry Of Education : Finance And State Incorporated Schools Essay711 Words   |  3 PagesProject Background The Ministry of Education gives finance preparing administrations to around 110,000 educators and bolster staff utilized in state and state-incorporated schools in New Zealand. In 2003, Cabinet consented to the Ministry s proposition to update its maturing finance framework. Taking after a broadened time of advancement, the substitution framework, Novopay, went live on 20 August 2012. At the point when the first pay round kept running on 5 September 2012, around 5,000 staff wereRead MoreApplication For The Msc Finance At London School Of Economics1362 Words   |  6 PagesMy decision to apply for the MSc Finance at London School of Economics arose after a judicious process where I questioned my career aspirations. The strong interest in financial markets and its dynamics has matured during my undergraduate studies and my internship at MOMentum Alternative Investments SA, a Swiss Investment Manager. I would love to start my career as a sell-side analyst, a first step I see in the nat ural evolution to reach my aspiration to eventually be a portfolio manager. A deepRead MoreShould Finance Education Be Mandatory Component of School Program1626 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial education should be mandatory component of the school program. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Outline. In many countries the discussion about the rising financial problems of young people has been getting more emphasis. Tough some people are voting to integrate financial education as a schooling subject. It is an obvious fact that financial aspects are a major part of daily life, as an adult and even as a young individual. Each and every one of us has to makeRead MoreThe School Finance Reform Is Focused On The Distribution Of Funds Across Rich And Poor District Schools990 Words   |  4 PagesThe school finance reform is focused on the distribution of funds across rich and poor district schools. The reform was based on the thought that rich neighborhoods and households were better in spending on education. These scholars would access better programs and their family backgrounds could put them in the most precious and advanced institutions. Poorer neighborhoods on the other hand struggled to raise fees and sometimes students were forced to drop-out due to financial challenges . The historicalRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Graduates1663 Words   |  7 Pagesof high school are being asked to make thousand dollar investments in the potential of their education, as well as navigate the already tricky world of adult personal finance, without having the tools they need to be successful within the current economy. One of the best ways for all people to be made aware of a major issue is through education and this can also apply to personal finance. So far, the education system has made improvements to the personal finance curriculum in high schools over the

Internet Cafe or Cyber Cafe free essay sample

An internet cafe or cybercafe is a place which provides internet access to the public, usually for a fee. These businesses usually provide snacks and drinks, hence the cafe in the name. The fee for using a computer is usually charged as a time-based rate. Cyberia: one of the worlds first Internet cafes, London, 1994 The internet cafe phenomenon was started in July 1991 by Wayne Gregori in San Francisco when he began SFnet Coffeehouse Network. To be able to determine the demand and supply of the proposed business in the market. To be able to promote the most appropriate method for the management in operating the business To be able to acquire the computer system that will meet the expectations and needs of the computer users To be able to prove that the proposed business will provide benefits to people as well as to the government. Constructing a business is not an easy task to do. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Cafe or Cyber Cafe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are a lot of factors to be considered as well as the step to be followed. Therefore, this study will be a great help to the society specifically to those where interests lies in the computer area. Furthermore, this will serve as a reference for future studies for those students who wish to conduct a paper which is similar to such topic. For the researchers, this paper can enlighten their thinking with regards to the reality of life especially as we walk towards the path of the business world. Also aside form being informative this research will encourage the readers to stay abreast to the various developments in the internet which is after all is considered as the world’s largest library of information on-line. CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY : MARKET ASPECT : The Internet-services side of the business is rapidly being accepted by the local communities. Students love to gather for late-night sessions, nearby seniors are getting a glimpse of what the Internet offers, and local business people enjoy stopping by for a quick bite to eat while checking their emails. Because of this, demand for internet service has grown tremendously. TECHNICHAL ASPECT : Gaddy’s internet cafe is a place where one can use a computer with Internetaccess, most for a fee, usually per hour or minute; it also provides other services like printing, CD/DVD burning and photocopying. It may serve as a regular cafe as well, with food and drinks being served.

Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) Essay Example

Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) Paper For this experiment, we will be using milk and food coloring to represent the water (milk) and gas (food coloring) in the respiratory system, as seen in the liquid-gas boundary of the alveolar wall (water) and its volume (gas). We will place the milk in a shallow dish so that it completely covers the bottom of the dish. Drops of food coloring are going to be added into the milk at the center of the dish, and then observed. Drops of liquid dishwashing soap, representing surfactant, are then added to the center as well. Once the soap drops are added we will observe what changes happen to the food coloring and milk. Because I know milk is non-polar and food coloring is polar, my hypothesis predicts the two will not mix voluntarily at first, but the soap acting as a surfactant, when added, will help the two liquids mix together. Materials and Methods For this experiment, I used a jazz milk, 4 different color food coloring bottles, liquid hand soap, and a small clear dish with approximately 5 inches in diameter. Placed the dish in a flat steady surface. I then poured the milk making sure the whole bottom of the dish is covered and still remained shallow. Next, I added about four drops of food coloring to the milk at the center of the dish. Lastly, I added about four drops of the liquid hand soap in the same exact place where I had added the food coloring. Results When the food coloring was added into the milk, there was no reaction. The food coloring did not mix into the milk, it just sat there clumped together like oil in a lava lamp. After adding the drops of liquid soap, the food coloring droplets rapidly mixed into the milk by running in every direction. It looked like an explosion of color. We will write a custom essay sample on Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The color streaks continuously span slowly in the milk. Discussion As my hypothesis stated, the milk and food coloring did not mix voluntarily because of their polarity. Nan-polar molecules want to bond with other Nan-polar molecules (London dispersion forces) and polar molecules bond with the polar molecules (Dipole-Dipole forces). Think of all the milk molecules acting as very powerful magnets between each other, and the same with the water molecules. In this case, the soap -acting as the surfactant- broke the surface tension between the two liquids allowing them to mix together. In other words, it reduced the magnetic attraction between them. As we stated, the milk molecules are non-polar and the food coloring molecules are polar. Soap is one of the awesome liquids that is both polar and non-polar. Its molecules have a polar head, which attracts other polar molecules, and a non-polar body, which attracts other Nan-polar molecules. When the liquid soap molecules were added to the solution, they attracted both the milk and food coloring molecules causing them to mix like they did. In the alveoli, the gas is non-polar and the water in the walls of the alveoli is polar. Surface tension in the alveoli is very high because of the liquid/gas boundary. This surface tension draws the liquid molecules closer together and reduces their contact with the gas molecules; this way the alveoli do not collapse. The water in the walls of the alveoli help the alveolar walls come together during exhalation (when the oxygen leaves the alveoli), so that they stick together and allow the alveoli to reach their smallest size. The surfactant that is secreted aids the walls to be able to come together, but not with the attraction of their potential because its too strong. If they came together with their normal attraction, the walls would stick together and their strong surface tension would not allow them to unstuck. A collapsed alveolar will have to be completely re- inflated during each inspiration, which takes a lot of energy to do. With the surfactant, during inhalation the incoming gas is able to split the walls open because their attraction is not as strong. This way, the walls are able to come apart easier and make more space for the oxygen that fills up the alveoli. If our alveolar cells did not produce surfactant whatsoever, breathing would be very hard. Each inhalation would not have the easy flow it has now; it would take a lot of energy and not to mention be tougher. Conclusion Just like the water and gas in our lungs, the milk and food coloring would not have been able to mix. Both the liquid soap and the surfactant reduce the genetic force that unites liquid molecules- in this case allowing milk and food coloring to mix. Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) Essay Example Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) Paper For this experiment, we will be using milk and food coloring to represent the water (milk) and gas (food coloring) in the respiratory system, as seen in the liquid-gas boundary of the alveolar wall (water) and its volume (gas). We will place the milk in a shallow dish so that it completely covers the bottom of the dish. Drops of food coloring are going to be added into the milk at the center of the dish, and then observed. Drops of liquid dishwashing soap, representing surfactant, are then added to the center as well. Once the soap drops are added we will observe what changes happen to the food coloring and milk. Because I know milk is non-polar and food coloring is polar, my hypothesis predicts the two will not mix voluntarily at first, but the soap acting as a surfactant, when added, will help the two liquids mix together. Materials and Methods For this experiment, I used a jazz milk, 4 different color food coloring bottles, liquid hand soap, and a small clear dish with approximately 5 inches in diameter. Placed the dish in a flat steady surface. I then poured the milk making sure the whole bottom of the dish is covered and still remained shallow. Next, I added about four drops of food coloring to the milk at the center of the dish. Lastly, I added about four drops of the liquid hand soap in the same exact place where I had added the food coloring. Results When the food coloring was added into the milk, there was no reaction. The food coloring did not mix into the milk, it just sat there clumped together like oil in a lava lamp. After adding the drops of liquid soap, the food coloring droplets rapidly mixed into the milk by running in every direction. It looked like an explosion of color. We will write a custom essay sample on Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The color streaks continuously span slowly in the milk. Discussion As my hypothesis stated, the milk and food coloring did not mix voluntarily because of their polarity. Nan-polar molecules want to bond with other Nan-polar molecules (London dispersion forces) and polar molecules bond with the polar molecules (Dipole-Dipole forces). Think of all the milk molecules acting as very powerful magnets between each other, and the same with the water molecules. In this case, the soap -acting as the surfactant- broke the surface tension between the two liquids allowing them to mix together. In other words, it reduced the magnetic attraction between them. As we stated, the milk molecules are non-polar and the food coloring molecules are polar. Soap is one of the awesome liquids that is both polar and non-polar. Its molecules have a polar head, which attracts other polar molecules, and a non-polar body, which attracts other Nan-polar molecules. When the liquid soap molecules were added to the solution, they attracted both the milk and food coloring molecules causing them to mix like they did. In the alveoli, the gas is non-polar and the water in the walls of the alveoli is polar. Surface tension in the alveoli is very high because of the liquid/gas boundary. This surface tension draws the liquid molecules closer together and reduces their contact with the gas molecules; this way the alveoli do not collapse. The water in the walls of the alveoli help the alveolar walls come together during exhalation (when the oxygen leaves the alveoli), so that they stick together and allow the alveoli to reach their smallest size. The surfactant that is secreted aids the walls to be able to come together, but not with the attraction of their potential because its too strong. If they came together with their normal attraction, the walls would stick together and their strong surface tension would not allow them to unstuck. A collapsed alveolar will have to be completely re- inflated during each inspiration, which takes a lot of energy to do. With the surfactant, during inhalation the incoming gas is able to split the walls open because their attraction is not as strong. This way, the walls are able to come apart easier and make more space for the oxygen that fills up the alveoli. If our alveolar cells did not produce surfactant whatsoever, breathing would be very hard. Each inhalation would not have the easy flow it has now; it would take a lot of energy and not to mention be tougher. Conclusion Just like the water and gas in our lungs, the milk and food coloring would not have been able to mix. Both the liquid soap and the surfactant reduce the genetic force that unites liquid molecules- in this case allowing milk and food coloring to mix.

The impact of the inspectors final Essay Example For Students

The impact of the inspectors final Essay Discuss the impact of the inspectors final speech exit and explore why it is made more dramatic given the social and historical context of the play.  Why do you think the inspector has called?  An Inspector calls is a play set in 1912. J.B. Priestley wrote it in 1945. Nineteen-Forty-Five was the year that brought with it the end of Second World War. Six long years in which 55 million lives were lost including 6 million Jews. This was a hard time of austerity, in which everybody would just have to do without, and all food was rationed. During the Second World War the first ever atomic bomb was dropped by the Americans, onto Hiroshima and Nagasaki. We will write a custom essay on The impact of the inspectors final specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Each bomb killed 70,000 civilians instantly; many more were to later die of radiation poisoning. This was a devastating time for all, if one thing positive came from the war it was the Welfare State being proposed. The Welfare State was social security from cradle to grave, a comforting thought. However, the end of the war marked a change. By this time many people were so downtrodden and terrified that there optimism probably carried them a bit too far, with many predicting a peaceful and loving world. A belief also shared later by the Hippies in the 1960s. Apart from this joint optimism, the social classes were divided. There was the lower/working class, which contained the social group, considered to occupy the lowest position in a hierarchical society, typically composed of manual workers and their families. Then there were the middle classes, which were the section of society between the poor and the wealthy, including business and professional people and skilled workers. This class had both an upper and lower part to it, the upper middle class contained mostly, wealthy executives, usually factory owners and the lower middle class contained the sort of people who were teachers and still living comfortably. The Upper class were the highest social class, or the people in it, this class contained the aristocracy and the very wealthy, all the people who were considered upper class had a title, like Lady or Lord. J.B. Priestley, whose full name is John Boynton Priestley, was born on the 13th September 1894, in Bradford. At the age of 20 Priestley, who having grown up into his fathers circle of socialist friends, had now found himself joining in with their political arguments. Socialists believe in socialism. Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that visualise a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to the control of the community for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. This belief is promoted more these days in the form of the Labour Party than the Conservatives. Socialists tend to believe that with the conservatives in charge that the poor stay poor and the rich get richer. The Inspectors speech is written as a piece of oratory, a speech rather than a conversation with the Birlings. The Inspector is not only addressing the Birlings with his speech but also as it seems is addressing the audience in which J.B. Priestley puts forward his own Socialist views. The inspector tells the Birlings and the audience that Eva Smith is one person, and this has only been about one person, but Eva Smith symbolises the working class people who are a victim of the harsh social system. These people have been badly treated by their employers and others, like the Birlings, who are in a higher social class and a perfect position to help the less fortunate. .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a , .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a .postImageUrl , .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a , .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a:hover , .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a:visited , .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a:active { border:0!important; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a:active , .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4391674c6996886ea601459ca26d781a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Was Malvolio's Treatment Justified EssayThe Inspector is saying that although this one unfortunate member of society has died, there are a lot more out there by saying that there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths. A group of three is used here to emphasize the amount of unfortunate being still out there. Groups of three are a common technique used to persuade people into doing things I think here The Inspector is trying to persuade the Birlings to look at the enormity of underprivileged citizens out there, just begging for their help. Another group of three used in the Inspectors speech is with what we think and say and do. I believe that by using this grouping of three, the Inspector is trying to make the Birlings and the audience realise that no action of anyone ever goes unnoticed and that for every action of one person there is an opposite and equal reaction. It is as if Newtons Third law of motion applies to how the society is. Towards the end of the speech, the Inspector says If men will not learn that lesson, then they will be taught in fire and blood and anguish this group of three creates a very unpleasant image in ones head and makes one ponder, what will this torture include? Is it possibly a piece of dramatic irony in which with audience knows it is referring to World War One, to which the Birlings remain blissfully unaware. Therefore, I personally believe that this is the most memorable and dramatic quote of the speech.

Recommended Reads for High School Freshmen

Recommended Reads for High School Freshmen These are a sampling of the titles that often appear on high-school reading lists for 9th grade, as they encourage independent reading and are written at a level appropriate for a high school freshman. Literature programs vary by high school, but the books on this list are important introductions to literature. Perhaps most important, these works can help students develop stronger reading and analysis skills that theyll be required to call on throughout their secondary education, as well as in college courses. Recommended Works for a 9th Grade Reading List All Quiet on the Western Front - Erich Maria RemarqueAnimal Farm - George OrwellBlack Like Me - John Howard GriffinBury My Heart At Wounded Knee - Dee BrownThe Good Earth  - Pearl S. BuckGreat Expectations - Charles DickensGreat Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe - Edgar Allan PoeThe Heart Is a Lonely Hunter - Carson McCullersHound of the Baskervilles - Arthur Conan DoyleI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya AngelouIliad - HomerJane Eyre - Charlotte Brontà «The Little Prince - Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ryLittle Women -  Louisa May AlcottLord of the Flies - William GoldingNine Stories - J. D. SalingerOdyssey - HomerOf Mice and Men - John SteinbeckThe Old Man and the Sea - Ernest HemingwayA Separate Peace - John KnowlesSlaughterhouse-Five - Kurt VonnegutA Tree Grows in Brooklyn - Betty SmithTo Kill A Mockingbird - Harper LeeThe Yearling - Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings

ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT 4b, 3b & c Essay

ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT 4b, 3b & c - Essay Example A statute has been defined in previous editions of this work simply as the will of the legislature", the will of the legislature must be expressed either by the agreement of its three parts (Queen, lords and commons)or by the agreement of the queen and commons in accordance with the parliament Acts 1911 and 1949.Granted that a document which is presented to it as a statute is an authentic expression of the legislature will, the function of a court is to interpret that document "according to the intent of them that made it." From that function the court may not resile .however ambiguous Difficult for application the words of an act of parliament may be, the court is bound to endeavour to place some meaning upon them. In so doing it gives effect, as the judges have repeatedly declared to the intention of parliament, but, it may only elicit that intention from he actual words of the statute In this rule its assumed that the words and phrases of technical legislation are used in their technical meaning if they have acquired one, otherwise in their ordinary meaning ,and the second is that the phrases and sentences are to be construed according to the rules of grammar. Blythes v .Blythes- A reference in the matrimonial causes Act 1950 to the court being satisfied was meant to mean precisely what it said, and to require the courts to be satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt. And in Northing ham Finance V.Ashley,the court of appeal held that the words covered of which the hirer was in possession under an existing hire- purchase agreement and which were exchanged in part payment for the goods under the new agreement .it would be too narrow a construction to restrict it to goods actually owned by the hirer. The Mischief Rule. In heydons case in 1954, it was resolved by the Barons of the exchequer, that for sure and true interpretation of all statute in general (be they penal or beneficial, restrictive and considered. Firstly, what was common law before the making of the act. Secondly, what was the mischief and defect for which the common law did not provide. Thirdly, what remedy that parliament hath resolved and appointed to cure the disease of the commonwealth. Fourthly, The true reason of the remedy, and then the office of all judges is always to